Source : Indian Defence Updates (IDU)

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The DRDO has tied up with Indian firms Larson and Toubro (L&T) and Thermax Limited to manufacture the indigenous Air Independent Propulsion (AIP) system.

The first Scorpene class submarine INS Kalvari is scheduled to come in for refit in mid-2024, during which the hull of the submarine will be cut for adding the AIP section and it will be tested at multiple levels to ensure foolproof integration.

France‘s Naval Group will certify the AIP design and the Naval group will be the lead agency for integrating the DRDO-designed AIP with the six Kalvari class submarines.